Phototoxicity is a reaction in which the combination of certain chemicals in drugs and UV radiation from the sun can cause cell damage, leading to a skin rash similar to severe sunburn. It is important to know which drugs can cause this reaction and how to protect yourself from it.
Medications that can cause phototoxic reactions: A wide range of medications and personal care products can cause phototoxic reactions. Here are some examples:
- Antibiotica: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacine
- Anti-inflammatories: Ketoprofen, Piroxicam
- Diuretics: Dydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide
- Antidepressants: Fluoxetine
- Medication for cardiovascular disease: Amiodarone
- Antifungals: Terbinafine
- Anticancer agents: Flutamide
- Antipsychotics: chlorpromazine
- Herbs and essential oils: St. John's wort, bergamot, some acne remedies
The package insert for these drugs usually states whether there is a risk of phototoxicity. It is therefore essential to always read the package insert before using the drug.
Symptoms of phototoxic reactions: Symptoms range from mild to severe:
- Severe rash or sunburn, often without itching
- Possibility of blistering
- Hyperpigmentation of the skin, in which the skin may turn brown for long periods of time
Protection against phototoxicity: To avoid phototoxic reactions, especially if you are taking drugs that pose this risk, follow these guidelines:
- Avoid direct exposure to the sun, especially during peak hours of solar radiation.
- Wear protective clothing such as long sleeves, a hat and sunglasses.
- Use a sunscreen with a high protection factor (SPF 30 or higher) that protects against both UVB and UVA rays.
- Stay out of the sun during the most intense hours (usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.).
Skin cancer risk: Research has shown that long-term use of phototoxic drugs can increase the risk of skin cancer. Therefore, it is important to check your skin regularly and show any suspicious spots to your doctor.
Although phototoxicity can have potentially serious consequences, there is no need to avoid medications you need. By being aware of the risks and taking appropriate precautions, you can enjoy the benefits of medication without unwanted side effects from sunlight.
