Prediabetes is a preliminary stage of type 2 diabetes, where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. It is a critical stage because the risk of diabetes and other health problems is increased. Here are the symptoms, causes and strategies to reverse prediabetes:
Symptoms of prediabetes
Prediabetes usually does not cause specific symptoms, but some possible signs may include:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination.
- Fatigue, even after adequate sleep.
- Blurred vision.
Causes of prediabetes
Several factors contribute to the risk of prediabetes:
- Overweight or obese, especially with a thicker abdominal circumference.
- Age from 40-45.
- Hereditary predisposition, with diabetes in the family.
- High blood pressure.
- Unhealthy foods high in fat and sugar, and low in vegetables, fruits and fiber.
- Lack of physical activity.
- Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Previous episodes of elevated blood glucose, such as during gestational diabetes.
Diagnosis of prediabetes
Prediabetes is diagnosed through:
- Fasting glucose measurement: A blood test after 8 hours of fasting. A value between 100-125 mg/dl indicates prediabetes.
- HbA1c test: This measures the average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. A value above 6.5% may indicate diabetes.
Reversing prediabetes
Prediabetes can often be reversed by lifestyle changes:
- Weight loss: Even a 5% decrease in body weight can reduce diabetes risk by 30%.
- Healthy diet: Focus on a diet high in fiber, fruits and vegetables, and limit intake of fat and sugars.
- Regular exercise: At least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity activity, such as walking or cycling, can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Quit smoking: Smoking not only increases the risk of diabetes, but also cardiovascular disease.
Drug treatment
In some cases, medication may be considered:
- Metformin: Lowers blood sugar by reducing liver production of glucose and improving insulin sensitivity.
- Sulfonylurea derivatives: Stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin.
- Insulin-secreting agents: Help regulate blood glucose levels.
It is important to have your health checked regularly and take action if prediabetes is diagnosed. With healthy lifestyle adjustments, you can often prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. Always consult a doctor for tailored advice.
